What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal. This requires the lowest possible heat release temperature in the thermodynamic cycle. At first coal is stored at the plant and then coal is pulverised through crushers,sizers, dryers and magnetic separator. Steam is an important medium of producing mechanical energy. Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy generated to the chemical energy of fuel consumed. We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. The thermal power plant works on rankine cycle consists of boiler, nozzle, turbine, condensor, pump. Ges condensers have been used in power plants for over 50 years, and have a track record of high performance. Thermal power plants are working on the principle of law of conservation of energy i.
Most common pump is a multistage centrifugal in power plants for feeding water to boilers. Cost of power generation is higher than hydropower. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gases are burnt in the boiler, a hot flue gases thus generated are used to heat the feed water. When a high pressure motive fluid steamliquid enters the steam nozzle, this result in a decreasing pressure and increasing velocity of the fluid again the fluid enters in the diffuser which result in a increasing pressure and decreasing velocity of the fluid so due to pressure difference vacuum is created in between the nozzle and diffuser we can say venture. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. This will increase the amount of available work from the turbine electrical output. It condenses the spent working fluid from the turbine output back to a liquid before it is recycled back into the steam generators of the power plant. A thermal power plant is a power station where the heat energy is transformed into electric power.
In thermal power plants, the heat energy obtained from combustion of solid fuel mostly coal is used to convert water into steam, this steam is at high pressure and temperature. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid. Nov 20, 2017 working principle of geothermal power plant the magma heats the water present inside the earth and increases its temperature greater than 182 degree celsius. Surface condenser types of surface condenser mechanicaltutorial. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The height of the cooling tower in thermal power plant is about. Working principle of surface condenser is completely different from jet condenser. Power plant instrumentation and control handbook a guide to thermal power plants. Jun 06, 2017 thermal power plant working animation. Its the time to know that the thermal power plant depends on its work on the principle of rankine cycle, which is a closed cycle which uses the same fluid repeatedly. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.
Understand the layout and working principle of a steam power plant. Thermal power plant is involves the conversion of heat energy into the electrical energy. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Condenser and cooling tower work in power plant youtube.
The block diagram of nuclear power plant shown in figure. Theory of steam turbines thermodynamics nuclear power. Now steam turbine is turn to run an electric generator or alternator which is coupled to steam turbine and thereby producing electric energy. The following is a record of factors that affect the selection of a site for building a steam power station. The fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant.
Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. This steam under high pressure then expanded in stem turbine to rotate the continue reading construction and working of thermal power plant. It sucks the air from atmosphere and delivers it at same temperature but at high pressure. The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant.
Jul 08, 2012 in a steam power plant the coal is used as fuel and required to store. In the 18 th century, the thermal power plant exists with a lot of improvements in the reciprocating steam engine this reciprocating steam engine is used to develop the steam and with the use of an electric generator makes or. May 17, 2017 what is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power plant. In this article we are going to know about steam power plant working, operation and layout of schematic arrangement. Geothermal power plant working principle your electrical. Gas turbine working principle, open loop and closed loop gas turbine. Main condenser steam condenser what is nuclear power. A tutorial on power generation from thermal power plants.
Cooling system circulating water system deaerator operating principle. Why do we need a condenser in thermal power plant or rankine. Steam has the advantages that it can be raised from water which is available in abundance it does not react much with the materials of the equipment of the power plant and is suitable at the temperature required in the plant. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant. For a subcritical plant it is below 42% for a new plant. About 70 % of energy used by india is produced in coal fired thermal power plants. What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power. How does a condenser work in a thermal power plant. Now if the condenser is used than the state of fluid leaving the condenser will be. To learn more about thermal power plants, you can read our. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Geothermal power plant working principle normally the thermal energy available inside the earth is at a depth of more than 80 km. An air cooled condenser acc is a direct dry cooling system where steam is condensed inside aircooled finned tubes. The working principle of nuclear power plant depends upon mainly four components 1.
Mar 30, 2014 a simple explanation of how a steam or thermal power plant works. In thermal power plants t, the steam from the turbine exhaust flows into the acc where condensation occurs. It removes air from the condenser and provide vacuum. Though it is widely used in different engineering sector and other refrigeration plant. Power plants have a standard life of 30 to 40 years. Normally the thermal energy available inside the earth is at a depth of more than 80 km. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible augmentation in its heat transfer performance. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when steam comes inside the shell it pass over with tubes carrying cold waters. Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articles. Here steam is generated by using radioactive fuel i. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Evaporator types and principle of operation installation.
Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power plant. In surface condenser exhaust steam and cooling water does not mix up with. After it passes through the turbine the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. Condenser cooling water pumps in thermal power plant pdf ppt. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle. In this video it is explained that how thermal power plant works. This hot water from the earth is piping to the surface of the earth through hot water wells.
Maximum working pressure inside water boxes is 5 kgcm 2. Global and chinese pakistan thermal power plant industry, 2018 market research report thermal power plant industry, 202023 market research report is a professional and indepth study on the current state of the global pakistan thermal power plant industry with a focus on the chinese market. When piston moves downward, air is sucked by suction valves at low pressure and room temperature. The basic working principle of cooling tower is to cool the hot water with the help of atmospheric air. This is because of the abundant availability of coal, reliable cheap power and early advent of steam engine technology. The complete cycle of water to water is explained in details. The steam is kept on heating till it becomes superheated. Nuclear reactor is used to produce heat and heat exchanger performs to convert water into steam by using the heat generated in nuclear reactor. Sep 17, 2017 today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. The chemical energy of coal is converted into heat and then into steam by the boiler. Nov 03, 2017 a power plant is a place where we produce electric power which is used for domestic and industrial purposes by using turbines. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. From the turbine exit the steam is sent to the condenser for condensation.
Jun 29, 20 in thermal power plant, water is the working fluid. Why do we need a condenser in thermal power plant or rankine cycle. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. Life and effectiveness of the steam power plant are more concise when compared to hydel power plant. The cool ambient air flow outside the finned tubes is what removes heat and defines the functionality of an acc. The main steam condenser mc system is designed to condense and. Steam power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle. Surface condenser in thermal power plant watco group. The heat energy in steam is converted into mechanical energy by turbine.
A surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. Mar 04, 2020 the fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant. The amount of air extracted at the time of starting is more as compared to running unit. Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. During this process of expansion, the highenergy steam also performs mechanical work.
Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy. Usually the condenser operates by running the working fluid through a network of pipes inside a tower. What a plant is generating is the plant utilization factor. Condenser water and cooling tower in thermal power plant. Almost every part of the world, the turbine is utilized a steamdriven process. It condenses the exhaust steam from the turbine and changes it to water. Mar 15, 2020 thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. What is boiler and condenser pressure thermal engineering. A thermal power station is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electric power. Water is allowed to flow from the top under a head of about 6 m through a number of coaxial converging truncated cones. Condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. The working of nuclear power plant is almost same as the thermal power plants but only difference in the procedure of generating steam and fuel used. Thermal power plant electricity generation electrical. What is the working principle of a condenser answers.
Thermal power plant as the title infers is the place of mechanism which converts heat energy into electric power. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital. The average temperature gradient in the earths surface is 30 o c km depth. What is the working principle of thermal power plant. The only difference is there that in steam turbine power plant we use compressed steam to rotate the turbine, but in gas turbine power plant we. Today we will study the definition, component, layout, working diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of the thermal power plant thermal power plant. A steam condenser is a closed vessel in which steam is condensed by abstracting the heat by cooling it with water and where the pressure is maintained below atmospheric pressure. Cooling tower working principle and types of cooling tower. It is done for complete burning and extraction of heat from burning coal.
The operation of a thermal power plant is explained in a logical manner with help of animation in this video. This is a very basic working principle of nuclear power plant. The cost of the steam power plant is lower than several power plants. An air compressor is such a device which is used to compress the air and to raise its pressure. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant theory of thermal power station. Thermal power plants are usually equipped with so called surface condensers. Where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser is often used. Energy conversion taking place in the thermal power plant 5 5. In thermal power plants the fundamental objective is to supply thermal energy by the boiler as required by the turbine to convert the energy to mechanical. This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components.
The plant also consists of a condenser, where steam. Apr 15, 2016 thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. Nuclear power plant working principle of nuclear power plant. A power plant is a place where we produce electric power which is used for domestic and industrial purposes by using turbines. The deaerator pump used in power plants is also designed for higher temperatures. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. The outlet of the lpt is sent to the condenser for condensing back to water by a cooling water system. Performance analysis of surface condenser in mini thermal power plant mayank r pawar1, sagar r chokshi2, avesh khan3. Here is the detail operation of the individual unit of this plant. Now thermal power plant is a place where we produce electric power using steam produced from water. It condenses the spent working fluid from the turbine output back to a liquid before it is recycled back into the steam.
Condenser water and cooling tower in thermal power plant free download as powerpoint presentation. A fission reaction takes place in the nuclear reactor which release large amount heat due the chain reaction of uranium atom. Not just india, people all over the world heavily rely on thermal power stations. Forced air movement evaporators can be divided into 3 main groups. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce. Geothermal power plant working principle your electrical guide. In ejector condenser fig steam and water mix in a series of cones arranged as shown inside the shell. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. Condenser is actually shell and tube heat exchanger that converts steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase. Condenser in thermal power plants power4you power from. Power generation from thermal power plant introduction. Factors to determine the site of steam power station.
Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. Firstly we fill the water into the boiler until we fill the entire surface area of heat transfer. Arrangement cost of steam power plant is very lower than hydro and nuclear power plant. Steampowered power stations keep on working very close to full efficiency for 24 hours a day. Classic thermal power plants are optimized to produce as much electric energy as possible. In this article you will learn about geothermal power plant working principle, types, main components, advantages and disadvantages with diagram. A thermal power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle 1. A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid e. The exhausted steam from the turbine is condensed in a condenser. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations.
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